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Apollo 11
The first mission to land humans on the Moon. Armstrong and Aldrin explored the lunar surface while Collins remained in lunar orbit. The crew returned to Earth with sampl
Voyager 1
A robotic explorer of Jupiter and Saturn that later crossed the heliopause. Voyager 1 carries instruments for studying interstellar space and a Golden Record representing
Voyager 2
The only spacecraft to have visited all four giant planets. Its encounters with Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune transformed our understanding of the outer Solar Syst
Hubble Space Telescope
An orbiting observatory studying the universe in ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light. Astronaut servicing missions repaired and upgraded the telescope after its
Mars 2020 · Perseverance
A rover exploring Jezero crater for signs of ancient microbial life and collecting selected rock and regolith samples. It carried Ingenuity, the first aircraft to make po
Mars Science Laboratory
The Curiosity rover investigates whether ancient environments in Gale crater could have supported microbial life. Its laboratory instruments analyze rocks, soil, and the
James Webb Space Telescope
An infrared observatory investigating early galaxies, star formation, and the atmospheres of worlds beyond the Solar System. Its segmented primary mirror unfolds to a dia
Sputnik 1
The first artificial satellite of Earth. Its radio transmissions announced the beginning of the space age and could be detected by radio listeners around the world.